Advanced Certificate in Powder Diffraction on the Web Chapter 20 School of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London

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Aims & Objectives

This is the second of the three chapters on the subject of modern techniques and applications. As stated previously, the general aim of the first two chapters on this subject is to present some of the modern techniques that have been applied to the in-situ time-resolved diffraction of polycrystalline materials under non-ambient conditions. The examples given over these two chapters represent just a sample from a very full literature on the subject.

The objectives in this second half are:

• To look at the kind of in-situ analyses that are currently being performed using energetic X-rays that are capable of penetrating autoclave/ hydrothermal-type specimen cells.
• Given the above, to have a quick re-look at neutron diffraction to see how it can add to the arsenal of X-ray techniques.
• To look at some examples of specialised in-situ analysis where the accent is rather on the static internal state of the material than on time-resolved aspects.
• To note, by way of one example, that these kinds of studies can nearly always benefit from the application of a variety of techniques; pooling the combined information gives a fuller picture of the process under examination.
• As with the previous chapter "3 Terms and a Global Look", it is not so vital that the various parts be read sequentially, though it is still recommended that you start at the beginning: "Hydrothermal Synthesis".

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